![]() ![]() The remaining extracellular fluid, also called transcellular fluid, refers to fluid in areas such as cerebrospinal, synovial, intrapleural, and gastrointestinal system. For example, if you have ever cared for a patient with heart failure and noticed increased swelling in the feet and ankles, you have seen an example of excess interstitial fluid referred to as edema. This can result in hypovolemic shock and cellular death when critical organs do not receive an oxygen-rich blood supply needed to perform cellular function.Ī second type of extracellular fluid is interstitial fluidthat refers to fluid outside of blood vessels and between the cells. ![]() If intravascular fluid loss is severe, the body cannot maintain adequate blood pressure and perfusion of vital organs. Intravascular fluidloss can be caused by several factors, such as excessive diuretic use, severe bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea, and inadequate oral fluid intake. Loss of intravascular fluids causes the nursing diagnosis Deficient Fluid Volume, also referred to as hypovolemia. Intravascular fluid is the most important component of the body’s overall fluid balance. Intravascular fluid is whole blood volume and also includes red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, and platelets. The first type is known as intravascular fluid that is found in the vascular system that consists of arteries, veins, and capillary networks. The body regulates sodium levels to control the movement of water into and out of the extracellular space due to osmosis.Įxtracellular fluids can be further broken down into various types. The most abundant electrolyte in extracellular fluid is sodium. In fact, intracellular fluid accounts for 60% of the volume of body fluids and 40% of a person’s total body weight! Įxtracellular fluids (ECF) are fluids found outside of cells. Intracellular fluids are crucial to the body’s functioning. ![]() The most abundant electrolyte in intracellular fluid is potassium. Intracellular fluids (ICF) are found inside cells and are made up of protein, water, electrolytes, and solutes. Figure 15.1 Intracellular and Extracellular Compartments See Figure 15.1 for an illustration of intracellular and extracellular compartments. Body fluids are found in two main areas of the body called intracellular and extracellular compartments. For a complete diagram of body fluid compartments, see body fluid compartments of a 70-kg man and body fluid compartments of a 55-kg woman.\)īody fluids consist of water, electrolytes, blood plasma and component cells, proteins, and other soluble particles called solutes. Note that this diagram places focus only on these three major fluid compartments. Plasma is the smallest fluid compartment (~8% of total body water). Interstitial fluid contains ~25% of the total body water. The intracellular fluid compartment contains most of the water in the body (~67% of total). The right diagram shows the three major fluid compartments drawn to scale. The left diagram allows for a better demonstration of the relationship between the intracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, and plasma, however, the relative size of each of the compartment is not drawn to scale. Waste products produced by cells follow the reverse path from the cytoplasmic compartment to plasma. They then must cross the plasma membrane to enter the cytoplasmic compartment of cells. Nutrient molecules traveling in the blood must first cross the capillary endothelium to enter the interstitial fluid. ![]() The capillary endothelium is the physical barrier that separates the interstitial fluid from plasma. The physical barrier separating the intracellular fluid compartment (i.e., cytoplasm) and the interstitial fluid is the cell plasma membrane. Fluid, molecules, and ions flow across physical barriers between the fluid compartments. These are the (1) intracellular fluid compartment, (2) interstitial fluid, and (3) plasma. In the human body plan, there are three major fluid compartments that are functionally interconnected. ![]()
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